We use the Past Perfect to talk about something that happened before another action in the past. The formula is 'had + past participle'. For example, 'I had eaten breakfast before I went to school'.
Tunatumia Past Perfect kuzungumzia kitu kilichotokea kabla ya kitendo kingine kilichotokea katika zamani. Fomula ni 'had + past participle'. Kwa mfano, 'Nimemla chakula cha asubuhi kabla sijae shule'.
Mifano & Matamshi
She had eaten breakfast before she went to the market.
Alikula chakula cha asubuhi kabla ya kwenda sokoni.
using 'had + past participle'
They had already planted maize on their shamba.
Walikua wamepanda mahindi shambani kwao.
using 'already'
We had learned the new vocabulary before the teacher gave us a test.
Tulikuwa tumesoma maneno mapya kabla mwalimu kutupatia mtihani.
using Past Perfect to show cause
had eaten
alikula
kula
had gone
alikwenda
kwenda
had finished
alimaliza
maliza
had watched
alitazama
tazama
had written
aliandika
andika
had read
alisoma
soma
had run
alikimbia
kimbia
had jumped
aliruka
ruka
had played
alicheza
cheza
had sung
alikwamba
imba
had studied
alisoma
past perfect
Zoezi: Tamka mifano hii
Soma Zaidi
Mfano (Example) 1
I had finished my homework before my mother called me to have dinner. My brother had already eaten and was watching TV. I was very hungry and ate quickly.
Nimemaliza shughuli zangu za nyumbani kabla mama yangu akinita kumletea chakula cha jioni. Kaka yangu alikula tayari na alikuwa akionyesha runinga. Nilikuwa na kiu sana na nikala haraka.
Maelezo (Detail)
In the sentence 'I had finished my homework before my mother called me to have dinner', the word had finished is in the Past Perfect tense. This is because it happened before another action in the past, which is my mother called me. We can also use already to show that something happened before another action, like in my brother had already eaten.
Katika sentensi 'Nimemaliza shughuli zangu za nyumbani kabla mama yangu akinita kumletea chakula cha jioni', neno nimemaliza limetumia wakati wa Past Perfect. Hii ni kwa sababu ilotokea kabla ya kitendo kingine kilichotokea katika zamani, ambacho ni mama yangu akinita. Tunaweza pia kutumia tayari kuonyesha kwamba kitu kilotokea kabla ya kitendo kingine, kama ilivyo katika kaka yangu alikula tayari.
Mfano (Example) 2
Hadija had finished her homework before she watched TV.
Hadija alimaliza shughuli zake za nyumbani kabla ya kuangalia TV.
Maelezo (Detail)
In the sentence Hadija had finished her homework, had finished is the past perfect tense. It describes the action that happened before watching TV. Alternatives: had eaten, had slept.
Katika sentensi 'Hadija alimaliza shughuli zake za nyumbani', alimaliza ni wakati uliopita kamili. Inaelezea kitendo kilichotokea kabla ya kuangalia TV. Mbadala: alikula, alilala.
Mfano (Example) 3
Ivan had visited Mtwara before he went to Musoma.
Ivan alizuru Mtwara kabla ya kwenda Musoma.
Maelezo (Detail)
In Ivan had visited Mtwara, had visited is the past perfect tense. It tells us what Ivan did before going to Musoma. Alternatives: had lived, had worked.
Katika Ivan alizuru Mtwara, alizuru ni wakati uliopita kamili. Hutuambia nini Ivan alifanya kabla ya kwenda Musoma. Mbadala: alikaa, alifanya kazi.
Mfano (Example) 4
Ruta had eaten breakfast before she went to school.
Ruta alikula chakula cha asubuhi kabla ya kwenda shule.
Maelezo (Detail)
In the sentence Ruta had eaten breakfast, had eaten is the past perfect tense. It describes the action that happened before going to school. Alternatives: had drunk, had played.
Katika sentensi Ruta alikula chakula cha asubuhi, alikula ni wakati uliopita kamili. Inaelezea kitendo kilichotokea kabla ya kwenda shule. Mbadala: alikunywa, alicheza.
Mfano (Example) 5
Ethan had studied English before he moved to Dar es Salaam.
Ethan alisoma Kiingereza kabla ya kuhamia Dar es Salaam.
Maelezo (Detail)
In Ethan had studied English, had studied is the past perfect tense. It tells us what Ethan did before moving to Dar es Salaam. Alternatives: had learned, had practiced.
Katika Ethan alisoma Kiingereza, alisoma ni wakati uliopita kamili. Hutuambia nini Ethan alifanya kabla ya kuhamia Dar es Salaam. Mbadala: alijifunza, alifanya mazoezi.
Maswali
1
What was happening when the writer's mother called them to have dinner, find the correct action in the sentence below: (Nini kilikuwa kikiendelea wakati mama yake akimwita kula chakula cha jioni, pata kitendo sahihi katika sentensi ifuatayo:)
I had finished my homework before my mother called me to have dinner.
Nimemaliza shughuli zangu za nyumbani kabla mama yangu akinita kumletea chakula cha jioni.
finished homework
2
Complete the sentence: I __________ my homework before I played with my friends.
Tunatumia 'had + past participle' kuonyesha kitu kilichotokea kabla ya kitendo kingine.
3
Which of the following sentences is in the Past Perfect tense?
Tunajua kuwa 'had + past participle' ni fomula ya Past Perfect.
4
Find the mistake in the sentence: 'I eat breakfast before I go to school.'
Tunahitaji kutumia 'had + past participle' kuonyesha kitu kilichotokea kabla ya kitendo kingine katika zamani.
5
Choose the correct past perfect verb: I ___ breakfast before I went to school.
had eaten ni verb ya past perfect.
6
Complete the sentence: Hadija ___ her homework before she watched TV.
had finished ni verb ya past perfect.
7
Change to past perfect: I eat breakfast before I go to school.
had eaten ni verb ya past perfect.
8
Which of the following is a past perfect verb?
had eaten ni verb ya past perfect.
9
Correct the sentence: I eat breakfast before I go to school.
had eaten ni verb ya past perfect.
10
Choose the correct past perfect verb: Ivan ___ his homework before he watched TV.
had finished ni verb ya past perfect.
11
Complete the sentence: Ruta ___ her dinner before she went to bed.
had eaten ni verb ya past perfect.
Zungumza
Sema: Say what you had done before you came to school today.