The Present Perfect tense is used to talk about things that started in the past and continue up to the present. It is made with 'has' or 'have' and the past participle of the verb, like 'has eaten' or 'have played'. The simple formula is: have/has + past participle.
Tensa ya Present Perfect hutumiwa kuzungumzia mambo yaliyoanza kwenye zamani na yanaendelea hadi sasa. Hutengenezwa kwa 'has' au 'have' na kiingia cha kivyozi, kama 'has eaten' au 'have played'. Fomula rahisi ni: have/has + kiingia cha kivyozi.
Mifano & Matamshi
She has studied English for three years.
Amesoma Kiingereza kwa miaka mitatu.
Talking about something that started in the past and continues
They have played football since morning.
Wamecheza mpira wa miguu tangu asubuhi.
Talking about an action that started in the past and continues
I have never been to Zanzibar.
Sijawahi kwenda Unguja.
Talking about something that has not happened up to the present
have eaten
nimekula
action completed
has lived
amekaa
experience
have made
tumefanya
achievement
has gone
amekwenda
movement
have seen
tumewona
sight
has written
ameandika
creation
have learned
tumejifunza
knowledge
has visited
amezuru
travel
have played
tumacheza
leisure
has finished
amekwisha
completion
has eaten
amekula
action
Zoezi: Tamka mifano hii
Soma Zaidi
Mfano (Example) 1
My family has lived in Dar es Salaam for five years. We have visited the beach many times. My sister has eaten at many restaurants.
Familia yangu imekaa Dar es Salaam kwa miaka mitano. Tumezuru ufuo mara nyingi. Dada yangu amekula kwenye migahawa mingi.
Maelezo (Detail)
In the sentence 'My family has lived in Dar es Salaam for five years', the word has lived is in the Present Perfect tense. This is because it talks about something that started in the past and continues up to the present. Other examples are I have eaten breakfast or they have played football.
Katika sentensi 'Familia yangu imekaa Dar es Salaam kwa miaka mitano', neno imekaa linaonekana katika tensa ya Present Perfect. Hii ni kwa sababu inazungumzia kitu ambacho kilianza kwenye zamani na kinaendelea hadi sasa. Mifano mingine ni Nimekula chakula cha asubuhi au wamecheza mpira wa miguu.
Mfano (Example) 2
Hadija has visited Mtwara.
Hadija ameenda Mtwara.
Maelezo (Detail)
In the sentence Hadija has visited Mtwara, has visited is in the present perfect tense. It means Hadija went to Mtwara and now she is back. Alternatives: has seen, has been to.
Katika sentensi Hadija has visited Mtwara, has visited inawakati wa sasa kamili. Inamaanisha Hadija alikwenda Mtwara na sasa yuko nyuma. Mbadala: has seen, has been to.
Mfano (Example) 3
Ivan has eaten ugali.
Ivan amekula ugali.
Maelezo (Detail)
In Ivan has eaten ugali, has eaten is in the present perfect tense. It means Ivan ate ugali and now he is not hungry. Alternatives: has drunk, has taken.
Katika Ivan has eaten ugali, has eaten inawakati wa sasa kamili. Inamaanisha Ivan alikula ugali na sasa haja si na njaa. Mbadala: has drunk, has taken.
Mfano (Example) 4
Peter has lived in Dar es Salaam.
Peter amekaa Dar es Salaam.
Maelezo (Detail)
In Peter has lived in Dar es Salaam, has lived is in the present perfect tense. It means Peter lived in Dar es Salaam and now he may or may not be there. Alternatives: has stayed, has resided.
Katika Peter has lived in Dar es Salaam, has lived inawakati wa sasa kamili. Inamaanisha Peter alikaa Dar es Salaam na sasa anaweza kuwa huko au la. Mbadala: has stayed, has resided.
Mfano (Example) 5
Ruta has played soccer.
Ruta amecheza mpira.
Maelezo (Detail)
In Ruta has played soccer, has played is in the present perfect tense. It means Ruta played soccer and now she may or may not be playing. Alternatives: has run, has jumped.
Katika Ruta has played soccer, has played inawakati wa sasa kamili. Inamaanisha Ruta alicheza mpira na sasa anaweza kuwa akicheza au la. Mbadala: has run, has jumped.
Maswali
1
Choose the correct form of the verb in the sentence below: (Chagua fomu sahihi ya kivyozi katika sentensi ifuatayo:)
I ________ (eat) breakfast at 7 o'clock.
Nime ________ (kula) chakula cha asubuhi saa 7.
have eaten
2
Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb: I ________ (visit) my grandparents every weekend.
Tensa ya Present Perfect inahitajika kwa sababu inazungumzia kitu kinachotokea mara kwa mara
3
Choose the correct sentence:
Tensa ya Present Perfect inahitajika kwa sababu inazungumzia kitu ambacho kilianza kwenye zamani na kinaendelea hadi sasa
4
Find the error in the sentence: Me and my friend go to the market yesterday.
Tensa ya Present Perfect haifai kwa sababu inazungumzia kitu ambacho kilianza na kilimaliza kwenye zamani
5
Choose the correct form: I ______ to Musoma.
nimekwenda Musoma.
6
Complete the sentence: Hadija ______ to Mtwara.
Hadija amehamia Mtwara.
7
Change to present perfect: I ______ my book.
nimeisoma kitabu changu.
8
Correct the sentence: I go to school since I was a child.
nimekwenda shule tangu nikiwa mtoto.
9
Classify the words: have, has, had
have, has, na had ni viunganishi.
10
Which words are in the present perfect tense? (chagua majibu yote sahihi)
have eaten na has lived ziko kwenye wakati wa sasa kamili.